Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy enables the chemical characterization and identification of pollen samples, leading to a wide range of applications, such as paleoecology and allergology. This is of particular interest in the identification of grass (Poaceae) species since they have pollen grains of very similar morphology.
Unfortunately, the correct identification of FTIR microspectroscopy spectra of single pollen grains is hindered by strong spectral contributions from Mie scattering. Embedding of pollen samples in paraffin helps to retrieve infrared spectra without scattering artifacts. In this study, pollen samples from 10 different populations of five grass species (Anthoxanthum odoratum, Bromus inermis, Hordeum bulbosum, Lolium perenne, and Poa alpina) were embedded in paraffin, and their single grain spectra were obtained by FTIR microspectroscopy.
Spectra were subjected to different preprocessing in order to suppress paraffin influence on spectral classification. It is shown that decomposition by non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and extended multiplicative signal correction (EMSC) that utilizes a paraffin constituent spectrum, respectively, leads to good success rates for the classification of spectra with respect to species by a partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model in full cross-validation for several species. PLS-DA, artificial neural network, and random forest classifiers were applied on the EMSC-corrected spectra using an independent validation to assign spectra from unknown populations to the species.
 hInsulin FRET 100 |
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IH1010-100 |
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 Antibody) CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC811044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNCAP1044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNCB1044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC471044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC551044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC431044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC881044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC941044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC041044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC051044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
 GFP Antibody, 100 uL |
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P601-100 |
101Bio |
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100pack |
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CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNUB1044-100 |
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100uL |
EUR 209 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC681044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC701044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC611044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC401044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNC801044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
CD1b(100-1A5) Antibody |
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BNCH1044-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against CD1b(100-1A5), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
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IM1009-100 |
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 Antibody) bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNCAP0045-100 |
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100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC810045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC880045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNCB0045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC550045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
 ERLENMEYER FLASK, 100 ML, PP |
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4985P-100 |
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bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC470045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC940045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC040045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC050045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNUB0045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 209 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC680045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC700045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC800045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC400045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC610045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNC430045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5) Antibody |
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BNCH0045-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
 Reflex Clips, 7mm , 100/Pk |
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LC1001-100 |
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 Bridge-It cAMP-PDE 100 |
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) 5.7x17 cellogel 250µ (100) |
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EHCA1200-ST77-100 |
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-100) Rv2769c (PE27 protein)-100 |
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EUR 479 |
 Sodium Pyruvate Solution, 100 mM Solution |
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CCM1753-100 |
Bio Basic |
100 mL |
EUR 60.84 |
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 Antibody) bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC811234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF680R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNCAP1234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), Alkaline Phosphatase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNCB1234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), Biotin conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC471234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF647 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC551234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF555 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC431234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF543 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC881234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF488A conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC941234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF594 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNCH1234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), Horseradish Peroxidase conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC041234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF405S conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNUB1234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 209 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), Concentration: 0.2mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC681234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF568 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC701234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF770 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC051234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF405M conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC611234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF660R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC401234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF640R conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
bcl-2(100/D5 + 124) Antibody |
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BNC801234-100 |
Biotium |
100uL |
EUR 199 |
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Description: Primary antibody against bcl-2(100/D5 + 124), CF680 conjugate, Concentration: 0.1mg/mL |
 Microscope Slide Boxes,100-Place, Blue |
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LC7002-100 |
GenDepot |
100/CS |
EUR 806 |
 Microscope Slide Boxes,100-Place, Green |
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LC7003-100 |
GenDepot |
100/CS |
EUR 806 |
 Microscope Slide Boxes,100-Place, Red |
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LC7004-100 |
GenDepot |
100/CS |
EUR 806 |
 Microscope Slide Boxes,100-Place, Yellow |
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LC7005-100 |
GenDepot |
100/CS |
EUR 806 |
 Microscope Slide Boxes,100-Place, White |
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LC7006-100 |
GenDepot |
100/CS |
EUR 806 |
) 2.5x14 cellogel 190µ hr (100) |
|
EHCA1200-ST08-100 |
Consort |
ea |
EUR 105 |
Variation within and between species, together with the differences in classification results, is in agreement with the systematics within the Poaceae family. The results illustrate the great potential of FTIR microspectroscopy for automated classification and identification of grass pollen, possibly together with other, complementary methods for single pollen chemical characterization.
